Systems of Body
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Different Regions and Body Parts
Various Regions and Parts of Body Anatomy- PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Male and Female Urogenital System
Both Urinary and genital Organs of Male and Female-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Various Organ Systems
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Reproductive Organs -Lateral View
Male and Female Reproductive organs in Lateral View-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Andreas Vesalius
Father of Modern Anatomy, founder of modern human anatomy , Andries van Wezel (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564), wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Vesalius
Father of Modern Anatomy, founder of modern human anatomy , Andries van Wezel (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564), wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem - He was born in Brussels, which was then part of the Habsburg Netherlands. He was a professor at the University of Padua (1537–1542) and later became Imperial physician at the court of Emperor Charles V.--PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos- (460 – c. 370 BC), Greek physician and philosopher, "Father of Medicine" -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Claudius Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, September 129 – c. 216 AD, Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher, -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-09-2025
Claudius Galen
Galen (born 129 ce, Pergamum, Mysia, Anatolia [now Bergama, Turkey]—died c. 216) was a Greek physician, writer, and philosopher who exercised a dominant influence on medical theory.He distinguished seven pairs of cranial nerves, described the valves of the heart, and observed the structural differences between arteries and veins. One of his most important demonstrations was that the arteries carry blood, not air, as had been taught for 400 years. Notable also were his vivisection experiments.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist . commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology",.He was the first to relatively determine their size. Most of the "animalcules" are now referred to as unicellular organisms, although he observed multicellular organisms in pond water. He was also the first to document microscopic observations of muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa, red blood cells, and crystals in gouty tophi, and was among the first to see blood flow in capillaries.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
John Hunter
(13 February 1728 – 16 October 1793) was a Scottish surgeon.The experiment, reported in Hunter's A Treatise on the Venereal Diseases (part 6 section 2, 1786).Hunter helped to improve understanding of human teeth, bone growth and remodelling, inflammation, gunshot wounds, venereal diseases, digestion, the functioning of the lacteals, child development, the separateness of maternal and foetal blood supplies, and the role of the lymphatic system. He carried out the first recorded artificial insemination in 1790 on a linen draper's wife. The adductor canal in the thigh is also known by its eponym "Hunter's canal" after John Hunter.[
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Roentgen
(27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923). Roentgen, was a German experimental physicist[4] who produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays. For this discovery, he became the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Leonardo d Vinchi
(15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. master of topographic anatomy, drawing many studies of muscles, tendons and other visible anatomical features. He drew the heart and vascular system, the sex organs and other internal organs, making one of the first scientific drawings of a fetus in utero.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
1. Anatomical Position
The standard anatomical position is a universally accepted body posture where a person stands erect, facing forward, with feet parallel, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Anatomical and Fundamental Position
The standard anatomical position is a universally accepted body posture where a person stands erect, facing forward, with feet parallel, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward. In Fundamental Position Palm is Facing Medially.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
3. Anatomical Position
Everything in Anatomy is Described in Anatomical Position.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Body Planes
The sagittal plane (dividing into right and left halves), the coronal (or frontal) plane (dividing into front and back portions), and the transverse (or horizontal/axial) plane (dividing into upper and lower halves).-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Planes of Body
The median (or midsagittal) plane is a sagittal plane that passes through the exact middle of the body. Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) . Transverse Plane (Axial/Horizontal Plane)
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Basic Terminology
Superior-Inferior, Anterior-Posterior, Medial Lateral -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Types of Movements
flexion - extension abduction - adduction circumduction (no opposite) elevation - depression internal/medial rotation - external/lateral rotation dorsiflexion - plantar flexion pronation - supination inversion - eversion protrusion/protraction - retrusion/retraction opposition - reposition
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Body Movements
flexion - extension abduction - adduction circumduction (no opposite) elevation - depression internal/medial rotation - external/lateral rotation dorsiflexion - plantar flexion pronation - supination
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Inversion- Eversion
Foot inversion, turning the sole inward, is primarily caused by the Tibialis anterior and Tibialis posterior muscles, while foot eversion, turning the sole outward, is caused by the Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis, and Peroneus tertius muscles.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Pronation- Supination
Pronation is primarily performed by the pronator teres and pronator quadratus muscles, while supination is mainly driven by the biceps brachii and supinator muscles. The brachioradialis muscle can also assist in both pronation and supination. These movements, which turn the palm downwards and upwards, respectively, occur at the radioulnar joints of the forearm.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Finger Movements
flexion (curling the finger towards the palm), extension (straightening the finger away from the palm), abduction (spreading fingers apart), and adduction (moving fingers together)-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Shoulder Movements
It include flexion (forward motion), extension (backward motion), abduction (moving away from the body), adduction (moving toward the body), internal rotation (rotating toward the midline), external rotation (rotating away from the midline), and circumduction (a combination of movements to form a circular motion)-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Thigh Abduction
The main abductor muscles of the thigh--Rresponsible for moving the leg away from the body's midline, are the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae. Other muscles that contribute to hip abduction, though secondary, include the piriformis, sartorius, and the superior fibers of the gluteus maximus. -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Pronation- Supination
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Thigh Movements
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Classification of Bones
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Structure of Long Bone
External and Internal Structure of a Long Bone-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Parts of Young Long Bone
A young long bone includes the diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), metaphysis (flared zone), and the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) located in the metaphysis, which is a layer of cartilage enabling the bone to grow longer before it eventually fuses to the diaphysis after puberty.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Red Bone Marrow
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Long Bone Parts
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
01-10-2025
Periosteum -Bone
The periosteum is a thin membrane of blood vessels and nerves that covers the outer surface of most bones, providing nourishment, sensation, and playing a crucial role in bone growth, repair, and regeneration. It is composed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cambium (or osteogenic) layer containing progenitor cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, essential for increasing bone width and healing fractures.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Compact Bone -T.S.
-Compact bone, or cortical bone, is the dense, hard, and smooth outer layer of bones, forming their external surface and providing structural support, protection, and resistance to mechanical stress. Its key structural unit is the osteon, a cylindrical structure containing concentric layers called lamellae, which surround a central Haversian canal that contains blood vessels and nerves. Compact bone accounts for about 80% of the total weight of the skeletal system.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Compact and Spongy bone-T.S.
Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is a porous, lattice-like bone tissue found in the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae, skull, and ribs. Its honeycomb structure, made of thin bony plates called trabeculae, helps to reduce bone weight, absorb stress, and provide space for red bone marrow, which produces blood cells.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
T.S. of Compact Bone
An osteon, also known as a Haversian system, is the fundamental structural and functional unit of compact bone. It is a roughly cylindrical arrangement of concentric bone layers (lamellae) surrounding a central Haversian canal, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels. Osteons are responsible for the strength and rigidity of compact bone and are crucial for bone metabolism and repair.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
T.S. of Compact Bone
An osteon, also known as a Haversian system, is the fundamental structural and functional unit of compact bone. It is a roughly cylindrical arrangement of concentric bone layers (lamellae) surrounding a central Haversian canal, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels. Osteons are responsible for the strength and rigidity of compact bone and are crucial for bone metabolism and repair.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Long Bone- Arteries
Nutrient artery, Periosteal arteries, and Epiphyseal/metaphyseal arteries- PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Red and Yellow Bone Marrow
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Periosteum -Remodelling
Active, lifelong process by which the periosteum, the outer membrane of bone, contributes to bone reshaping, repair, and growth by supplying osteoblasts and promoting the formation of new bone tissue.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Metaphysis -T.S
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Spongy Bone
Found in -- The enlarged ends (epiphyses) of long bones. The middle of other bones, such as the vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, and skull. -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
03-10-2025
Structural Classification of Joints-3
Structural Classification of Joints- Fibrous, Cartilagenous and Synovial Joints-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Joints
Structural Classification of Joints- Fibrous, Cartilagenous and Synovial Joints-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Joint Types
Immovable, Slightly Movable and freely Movable Joints- Structural Classification of Joints- Fibrous, Cartilagenous and Synovial Joints-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Joints - Structure
Structural Classification of Joints- Fibrous, Cartilagenous and Synovial Joints-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Fibrous Joint
Sutures, Syndesmosis , Gomphosis- Fibrous Joint. Fibrous joints connect bones with dense collagenous connective tissue, lacking a joint cavity, and are typically immovable or allow very limited motion.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Fibrous Joint- Types
Sutures: Found exclusively in the skull, between the flat, interlocking bones. Syndesmoses: Found in the forearm (between the radius and ulna) and the lower leg (between the tibia and fibula) Gomphoses: These are the joints that unite the roots of the teeth with the sockets in the jawbones (maxilla and mandible)
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Sutures- Fibrous Joint
Serrate (saw-like), Denticulate (finger-like interlock), Squamous (overlapping), Limbous (beveled), Plane (flat), and Wedge and groove (or Schindylesis).Sutures: Found exclusively in the skull, between the flat, interlocking bones.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Sutures
Sutures: Found exclusively in the skull, between the flat, interlocking bones.Serrate (saw-like), Denticulate (finger-like interlock), Squamous (overlapping), Limbous (beveled), Plane (flat), and Wedge and groove (or Schindylesis).
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Fibrous Joint - Types
Fibrous joints connect bones with dense collagenous connective tissue, lacking a joint cavity, and are typically immovable or allow very limited motion.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Different Types of Sutures
Sutures: Found exclusively in the skull, between the flat, interlocking bones.Serrate (saw-like), Denticulate (finger-like interlock), Squamous (overlapping), Limbous (beveled), Plane (flat), and Wedge and groove (or Schindylesis)
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Syndesmosis
It is a type of slightly movable fibrous joint where two bones are held together by a strong interosseous membrane or a bundle of ligaments, such as the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in the ankle, which connects the tibia and fibula.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Skull Sutures - Fibrous joints
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Fibrous joint
Syndesmosis- type of slightly movable fibrous joint where two bones are held together by a strong interosseous membrane or a bundle of ligaments, such as the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in the ankle, which connects the tibia and fibula.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Sutures- Fibrous joint 5
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Sutures
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Primary and Secondary Cartilaginous Joints
A joint where bones are connected by either hyaline cartilage (synchondrosis) or fibrocartilage (symphysis), allowing for slight movement and providing stability to the body.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Cartilaginous Joint
Intervertebral discs between vertebrae and the pubic symphysis connecting the pelvic bones, as well as temporary synchondroses like the epiphyseal (growth) plate in children's long bones. -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Cartilaginous Joint 2
Egs. Intervertebral discs between vertebrae and the pubic symphysis connecting the pelvic bones, as well as temporary synchondroses like the epiphyseal (growth) plate in children's long bones.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Secondary Cartilaginous Joint
Symphysis, is a permanent, slightly movable (amphiarthrotic) joint where two bones are united by a pad of fibrocartilage. These joints are found in the midline of the skeleton, such as the intervertebral discs between vertebrae and the pubic symphysis. -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Secondary Cartilaginous Joint 2
They allow for limited movement, which can vary in extent depending on the amount and compressibility of the fibrocartilage.- PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Joint Classification
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Synovial Joints
Plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints. These joints, which are the most movable in the body, are classified by the shape of their articulating surfaces and the specific movements they allow. Examples include plane joints (wrist bones), hinge joints (elbow), pivot joints (neck), condyloid joints (wrist and knuckles), saddle joints (thumb), and ball-and-socket joints (shoulder and hip).
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Joint- Types
Diarthrosis- Plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints. These joints, which are the most movable in the body,
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Joint- Types
Ball-and-Socket (e.g., shoulder, hip), Hinge (e.g., elbow, knee), Pivot (e.g., atlantoaxial joint), Gliding (or Plane) (e.g., intercarpal joints), Saddle (e.g., thumb base), and Condyloid (or Ellipsoid) (e.g., radiocarpal joint of the wrist)
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Joints -Location
Ball-and-Socket (e.g., shoulder, hip), Hinge (e.g., elbow, knee), Pivot (e.g., atlantoaxial joint), Gliding (or Plane) (e.g., intercarpal joints), Saddle (e.g., thumb base), and Condyloid (or Ellipsoid) (e.g., radiocarpal joint of the wrist)
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Joints- Examples
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Joint- Types and Location
Movement: Permeates movement in two planes (biaxial), including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction,Rotation and Circumduction--PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Formation of Synovial joint
hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, plane (or gliding), condyloid, saddle joints and Ellipsoid-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Synovial Joint
Hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, plane (or gliding), condyloid, Ellipsoid and saddle joints-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Structure of Synovial Joint
Articular cartilage covering bone ends, a joint capsule made of a fibrous outer layer and inner synovial membrane, a synovial cavity filled with lubricating synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Membrane
The synovial membrane has two main layers: a superficial intima composed of synoviocytes and a deeper, vascular subsynovial layer (subintima) of loose connective tissue
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Synovial Membrane and Capsule
The intima contains two types of cells—macrophage-like (Type A) cells that remove debris, and fibroblast-like (Type B) cells that produce synovial fluid components like hyaluronic acid. The subsynovium provides nutrients and support, containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and fibroblast-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Capsule of Synovial Joint
Two-layered enclosure that surrounds a synovial joint, consisting of an outer fibrous layer that provides structural support and an inner synovial membrane that secretes lubricating and nourishing synovial fluid-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-10-2025
Types of Synovial Joints- Plane Gliding Joint
Plane Gliding Synovial Joints- A type of joint where flat or slightly curved bone surfaces slide past one another, allowing for limited gliding movement. These joints, found in places like the wrist, ankle, and between vertebrae, are crucial for stability while still providing a degree of motion. -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
23-10-2025
Plane Synovial Joint
Carpometacarpal, Intercarpal ,Intermetacarpal , Tarsometatarsal, Intertarsal, Intermetatarsal Joints
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
23-10-2025
Synovial Joints Types
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
23-10-2025
Hinge Joint- Synovial Joint
It allows movement in a single plane, like the hinge on a door, for bending and straightening. These joints are found in the body at the elbow, knee, and the interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes, and are characterized by a convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
23-10-2025
Pivot Synovial Joint
A type of synovial joint that allows for rotational movement around a single axis, where the rounded or cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring-shaped structure made of another bone and/or ligament.-Atlantoaxial joint:, Radioulnar Joint
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Pivot Joint
A pivot joint consists of a cylindrical bone that fits into a ring-shaped structure. - Movements like shaking your head "no" and rotating your forearm -pronation and supination-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Condylar Synovial Joint
A type of synovial joint where an oval-shaped bone end fits into a similarly shaped hollow in another bone. They allow for movement in two planes, such as up-and-down and side-to-side, enabling actions like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction, though not full rotation.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Condylar Synovial -Knee Joint
Knee Joint- Largest and Most complex joint
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Synovial Condylar Joint
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Ellipsoid Synovial Joint
II consists of an oval-shaped convex condyle of one bone fitting into the elliptical concave cavity of another bone. type of biaxial synovial joint that allows movement in two planes: back and forth (flexion/extension) and side to side (abduction/adduction).-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Ellipsoid Wrist Joint
Allowed motions: Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Wrist joint (radiocarpal joint), Metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles of the fingers), Metatarsophalangeal joints (knuckles of the toes), and Atlantooccipital joints (where the skull meets the spine
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Saddle Synovial Joint
A type of synovial joint where the articulating bones are shaped like a saddle, with each bone having both a concave and convex surface. This structure allows for biaxial movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction) and provides a balance between stability and a wide range of motion.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Saddle Joint
Eg. Joint at the base of the thumb (carpometacarpal joint) and the joint connecting the collarbone to the breastbone (sternoclavicular joint).
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Synovial -Saddle Joint
1st Carpometacarpal Joint, and SternoclavicularJoint
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Ball and Socket Synovial Joint
It is a type of synovial joint where the rounded end of one bone (the ball) fits into the cup-shaped cavity of another bone (the socket). This structure allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, including rotation.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Ball and Socket Joint
The most flexible joints in the human body are the shoulder and hip joints. It permits movement in all directions, such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation- Shoulder , Hip Joint, Incudostapedial Jpint
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Hip Joint- Ball and Socket
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Ball and Socket Joint
Smallest - Incudostapedial Joint- The joint between the incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup) is a type of ball-and-socket joint, known as the incudostapedial joint
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Muscle -Types
Skeletal muscles are voluntary, attached to bones, and control body movement. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood. Smooth muscle is also involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs like the digestive tract and blood vessels, controlling functions like digestion and blood flow-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Muscle- 3 Types
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Muscular System
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Muscles Types
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Types of Muscle
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
24-10-2025
Muscle Arrangements
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Pennate Muscles
A pennate muscle is a type of skeletal muscle with fibers arranged at an oblique angle to its tendon, resembling a feather. This structure allows for a greater number of muscle fibers to be packed into a given volume, resulting in higher force production and power, though the range of motion is typically smaller compared to other muscle types. Examples of pennate muscles include unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate arrangements-Pkk
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Muscle Arrangements
A sphincter, is a muscle with fibers arranged in a circle around a body opening. When the muscle contracts, it decreases the diameter of the opening, closing it off, while when it relaxes, the opening widens. Examples of circular muscles include the orbicularis oris around the mouth and the orbicularis oculi around the eyes.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Types of Muscle Fibers
Fusiform skeletal muscles are spindle-shaped muscles that are thicker in the middle and taper to a point at both ends, with fibers arranged parallel to the muscle's length. Examples include the biceps brachii and sartorius. This arrangement allows for greater range of motion and velocity of movement because the muscle's force is concentrated.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle tissue, attached to bones by tendons, that is responsible for voluntary movements like walking and lifting.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle is made of thousands of muscle fibers, which are long, multinucleated cell. Each muscle fiber is composed of smaller units called myofibrils. Myofibrils are made up of contractile units called sarcomeres, which are the basic units of muscle contraction. Sarcomeres contain thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments that slide past each other to cause muscle contraction.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Types and Location of Muscle
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Muscle Fiber Arrangements
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Skeletal Muscle Microscopy
Skeletal muscle consists of muscle fibers (cells) which are multinucleated and packed with cylindrical bundles called myofibrils. These myofibrils are composed of repeating units called sarcomeres, the functional contractile units, formed by the organized arrangement of thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin). This arrangement creates a striated or striped appearance under the microscope.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Microscopic view of Skeletal muscle
Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Muscle Fiber Structure
Multiple myofibrils, which are bundles of protein filaments (actin and myosin) arranged in repeating units called sarcomeres. The fiber is surrounded by a cell membrane called the sarcolemma, and its cytoplasm, or sarcoplasm, contains the myofibrils.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Structure of Tendon
A hierarchical arrangement of collagen fibrils that are grouped into fibers, fascicles, and the overall tendon unit. These bundles of collagen are primarily type I collagen and are densely packed, oriented parallel to the tendon's axis, and have a wavy or "crimp" pattern.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Skeletal Muscle Structure
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Pennate Muscle
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Muscle Fiber Structure
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Microscopic Skeletal Muscle
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Myotendinous Junction
It is the specialized interface where skeletal muscle fibers connect to a tendon, serving as the primary site for transmitting force to create movement. Its unique, complex structure optimizes this force transmission, but also makes it a common location for strain injuries, especially during high-effort exercise
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Myotendinous Junction .
The MTJ has a complex structure where the muscle membrane has many infolds that intertwine with the collagen fibrils of the tendon. This interdigitation increases the contact area between the tissues for better force dispersal and to reduce stress concentrations.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Motor Units
A motor unit is the basic functional unit of skeletal muscle, consisting of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. When a motor neuron is activated, all of the muscle fibers within its unit contract together in an "all-or-none" fashion. The force of a muscle contraction is controlled by the number of motor units recruited and activated -PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Motor Unit of a Muscle
A motor unit is comprised of a single motor neuron (a nerve cell) and all the muscle fibers that the neuron's axon terminals connect to at neuromuscular junctions.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Motor Unit 3
Thigh muscles can have a thousand fibers in each unit, while extraocular muscles might have ten only.-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Motor Unit 4
Henneman's size principle indicates that motor units are recruited from smallest to largest based on the size of the load. For smaller loads requiring less force, slow twitch, low-force, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers are activated prior to the recruitment of the fast twitch, high-force, less fatigue-resistant muscle fibers. Larger motor units are typically composed of faster muscle fibers that generate higher forces.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Motor Unit 5- Motor Neuron
FF — Fast fatigable — high force, fast contraction speed but fatigue in a few seconds. FR — Fast fatigue resistant — intermediate force, fatigue resistant — fast contraction speed and resistant to fatigue. FI — Fast intermediate — intermediate between FF and FR. S or SO — Slow (oxidative) — low force, slower contraction speed, highly fatigue resistant.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Myotendinous Junction-3
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025
Muscle Fiber
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-10-2025