Scalp Layers
Made up of five layers -- Skin Superficial fascia (subcutaneous connective tissue) Deep fascia (epicranial aponeurosis) Loose areolar tissue Pericranium
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
09-09-2025
Arteries of Scalp
Arterial supply Supplied by following five arteries on each side In front of auricle-- Supratrochlear artery Supraorbital artery Superficial temporal artery,, Behind auricle-- Posterior auricular artery Occipital artery
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
09-09-2025
Extent of Scalp
Extends -- Anteriorly: Up to supraorbital margins,,, Posteriorly: Up to external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line,,, On each side: Up to zygomatic arch and external acoustic meatus
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
09-09-2025
Nerves of Scalp and Face
In Front of Auricle -- 1. Supratrochlear – branch of frontal nerve (ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve) 2. Supraorbital – branch of frontal nerve 3. Zygomatic temporal nerve – branch of zygomatic nerve (maxillary division of trigeminal nerve) 4. Auriculotemporal nerve – branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve 5. Temporal branch of facial nerve Behind Auricle--- 1. Posterior division of great auricular nerve (C2, 3) – From the cervical plexus 2. Lesser occipital nerve (C2) – From ventral ramus of 2nd cervical nerve 3. Greater occipital nerve (C2) – From dorsal ramus of C3 nerve 4. Third occipital nerve (C3) – From dorsal ramus of C3 nerve 5. Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
09-09-2025
Nerves and Arteries of Scalp
10 Arteries and 20 Nerves Supply Scalp-PKK
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
09-09-2025
Nerves and Arteries of Scalp
Supplied by following five arteries on each side -- 1. In front of auricle--- Supratrochlear artery Supraorbital artery Superficial temporal artery,, 2. Behind auricle-- Posterior auricular artery Occipital artery
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
09-09-2025
9. Scalp Layers
The loose areolar tissue (fourth layer) is known as the "dangerous layer" of the scalp because it acts as a space where pus or blood can collect and spread, potentially leading to life-threatening infections (e.g., meningitis) via valveless emissary veins that drain directly into the cranial cavity.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
22-02-2026
10. Blood supply Scalp
It is supplied by five pairs of arteries—three from the external carotid artery (superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital) and two from the internal carotid artery (supratrochlear, supraorbital)—which anastomose extensively, often leading to profuse bleeding from injuries
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
22-02-2026
11. Nerves of Scalp
Sensory Nerve Supply (Anterior to Auricle) Supratrochlear nerve (V1): Supplies the forehead and scalp up to the vertex. Supraorbital nerve (V1): Supplies the anterior scalp up to the vertex. Zygomaticotemporal nerve (V2): Supplies the temple area. Auriculotemporal nerve (V3): Supplies the skin in front of the ear and the temporal
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
22-02-2026
12. Sensory Nerve of Scalp
Sensory Nerve Supply (Posterior to Auricle) Greater occipital nerve (Posterior ramus of C2): Supplies the occipital region up to the vertex. Lesser occipital nerve (Cervical plexus, C2/C3): Supplies the scalp behind the ear. Third occipital nerve (Posterior ramus of C3): Supplies the lower occipital region. Great auricular nerve (C2/C3): Supplies the scalp posterior to the ear.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
22-02-2026
13. Sensory Nerve Supply of Scalp
Greater occipital nerve (Posterior ramus of C2): Supplies the occipital region up to the vertex. Lesser occipital nerve (Cervical plexus, C2/C3): Supplies the scalp behind the ear
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
14. Blood Supply of Scalp
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
15. Nerves of Head and Scalp
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
16. Veins of Scalp and face
Facial portion: supratrochlear, supraorbital, external nasal, inferior palpebral, superior and inferior labial, deep facial vein, buccinator, parotid and masseteric veins Cervical portion: submental, tonsillar, external palatine, lingual, submandibular, pharyngeal and superior thyroid veins
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
17. Sensory Nerves of Scalp
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
19. Arteries of Scalp
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
20. Facial Muscles-1
Orbicularis oculi: Closes the eyelids. Frontalis: Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead. Orbicularis oris: Closes and protrudes the lips. Buccinator: Flattens the cheeks and assists with chewing. Zygomaticus major: Elevates the corners of the mouth (smiling). Platysma: A large neck muscle that pulls down the corners of the mouth.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
21. Facial Muscles-2
Auricular muscles (ear muscles) Auricularis anterior Auricularis posterior Auricularis superior
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
22. Muscles of Face -3
Buccolabial muscles (mouth muscles) Your buccolabial muscles are in and around your mouth. They are: Buccinator, a thin muscle in your cheek that holds it toward your teeth Depressor anguli oris, which is on the side of your chin and works with other muscles to produce a frown Depressor labii inferioris, a muscle in your chin that helps control movement in your lower lip Levator anguli oris, a muscle that helps you smile Levator labii superioris, which can enable you to smile or show disgust Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, which can open your nostrils and lift your upper lip
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
23. Muscles of Face -4
Buccolabial muscles (mouth muscles) Mentalis, a muscle toward the center of your chin that helps control your lower lip Orbicularis oris, a circle of muscle around your mouth that closes or purses your lips Risorius, which aids in smiling Zygomaticus major and minor, which allow you to smile
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
24. Facial Muscles-5
Epicranial muscles (forehead, skull and neck muscles) around forehead, skull and neck. : Occipitofrontalis, a muscle that extends from your eyebrow to the top of your skull, lets you raise your eyebrow and wrinkle your forehead Platysma, a muscle that wrinkles the skin of your neck, helps open your mouth and allows you to lower the corners of your mouth and lower lip
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
25. Muscles of Face-6
Nasal muscles (nose muscles) Nasalis, (Compressor Naris and Dilator Naris)which allows you to flare your nostrils Procerus, a muscle (you just have one) between your eyebrows that can pull your brows downward and help flare your nostrils Depressor Septi
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
26. Muscles around orbit(Face)-7
Orbital muscles (eye muscles) Levator Palpebrae superioris Corrugator supercilii, which is near your eyebrow and enables frowning Orbicularis oculi, which closes your eyelid
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
27. Facial Muscles-8
functions of the muscles of face include: Giving your face its unique appearance Keeping food and drink in your mouth (preventing drooling) Protecting your eyes Singing Talking Whistling
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
28. Muscles of Face-9
The muscles of facial expression primarily develop from the mesoderm of the second pharyngeal (branchial) arch. As they develop and migrate from this arch during embryonic growth, they carry the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) with them, which provides their innervation
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
29. Muscles of Face -10
In humans, several muscles of the head and neck are considered evolutionary remnants of the panniculus carnosus, a subcutaneous muscle layer well-developed in many other mammals for skin movement.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
28-02-2026
Laughing Muscle
Zygomaticus Major- . Laughing or "smiling muscle", which pulls the corners of the mouth upward and outward
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
Anger Muscle
Dilator Naris and Depressor Septi - Causes Expression of Anger
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
32. Muscle Causing Sad Expression
Levator labii Superioris and Levator Anguli oris
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
34.Muscle Causing Horror Expression
Platysma Causes Horror or Terror expression- Action: The platysma is a broad, thin, sheet-like muscle located in the neck. When it contracts, it pulls the corners of the mouth down and sideways, tenses the skin of the neck, and lowers the jaw, creating the characteristic "shocked" or horrified look.
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
35. Whisteling Muscle
Buccinator and Orbicularis Oris - Orbicularis Oris: Encircles the mouth, allowing the lips to pucker, purse, and close. Buccinator: Located in the cheek, this muscle compresses the cheeks against the teeth to help force air out, making it essential for whistling and playing wind instruments. Also called- Buggler's or Trumpeter's muscle
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
36. Muscle causing Grief Expression
Depressor Labii inferioris and Depressor Anguli Oris -(which pulls down the corners of the mouth) - Long term Sadness
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
37. Frowning Muscle
Procerus and Corrugator Supercilli- (which draws eyebrows together) and the procerus (which pulls the skin between the brows down). These muscles create vertical and horizontal wrinkles on the forehead and bridge of the nose, often in response to anger, sadness, or concentration
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
38. Contempt Muscle
Zygomaticus Minor - The feeling that somebody/something does not deserve any respect or is without value
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
39. Doubt or Thinking Muscle
Mentalis- Located at the tip of the chin, this muscle elevates, everts (turns outward), and protrudes the lower lip, creating a "pouting" or skeptical look often associated with doubt, contempt, or displeasure
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026
40. Grinning Muscle
Risorius -This muscle pulls the corners of the mouth sideways, which is characteristic of a grin, smirk, or strained smile.- Artificial Smile
Dr. Praveen Kurrey
06-03-2026